System Design Playbooks

Practice problems with the answer key interviewers expect.

Each guide follows the same flow as a LeetSys interview: define functional and non-functional requirements, identify key entities, design APIs, trace data flow, explain the architecture, and handle follow-up questions.

10

detailed public guides

Written for candidates who need more than a diagram: requirements, key entities, APIs, data flow, failure modes, and rubrics.

Requirements

Functional scope, non-functional goals, and scale assumptions.

Key entities

The actors, objects, fields, ownership, and relationships to model.

Tradeoffs

What to choose, when to choose it, and what can break.

Rubrics

What strong mid-level and senior answers should signal.

Problem Guides

Start with the canonical questions, then practice the follow-ups.

Practice Now

L4 to L5

URL Shortener

Mid-Level

A practical system design interview guide for building a URL shortener with redirects, custom aliases, analytics, rate limits, and high availability.

hashingcachingredirects
16 min readRead guide

L5 to L6

News Feed

Senior

A complete system design guide for building a personalized social news feed with fanout, ranking, privacy, and timeline freshness tradeoffs.

fanoutrankingfeeds
20 min readRead guide

L5 to L6

Video Streaming

Senior

A senior-level guide to designing a YouTube-style video streaming system with uploads, transcoding, CDN delivery, metadata, search, and recommendations.

videocdntranscoding
19 min readRead guide

L5 to L6

Real-Time Chat

Senior

A practical chat system design guide covering WebSockets, message ordering, delivery receipts, offline sync, group chats, and end-to-end reliability.

websocketsmessagingordering
18 min readRead guide

L5 to L6

Ride Sharing

Senior

A system design guide for Uber-style ride matching with geospatial indexing, driver location updates, dispatch, pricing, trip state, and reliability.

geospatialmatchingdispatch
19 min readRead guide

L5 to L6

Ticketing Platform

Senior

A high-signal system design guide for Ticketmaster-style ticket sales with inventory holds, queues, payment, seat maps, and flash-sale traffic.

inventoryqueuespayments
18 min readRead guide

L5 to L6

File Storage Sync

Senior

A Dropbox-style system design guide for file upload, metadata, block storage, deduplication, sharing, sync conflicts, and consistency.

object storagesyncmetadata
18 min readRead guide

L4 to L5

Rate Limiter

Mid-Level

A focused system design guide for distributed rate limiting with token buckets, sliding windows, Redis, local caches, multi-region behavior, and abuse controls.

rate limitingredistokens
15 min readRead guide

L4 to L5

Search Autocomplete

Mid-Level

A system design interview guide for typeahead search suggestions with tries, prefix indexes, ranking, freshness, personalization, and abuse filtering.

searchtypeaheadranking
15 min readRead guide

L4 to L5

Notification System

Mid-Level

A useful system design guide for sending email, push, SMS, and in-app notifications with preferences, fanout, retries, deduplication, and provider failover.

queuesfanoutpush
16 min readRead guide